Transformer.



PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907.

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- No. 873,166. PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907. o. NICHOLS; QTBANSFORMER.

APPL IOATION FILED JAN. 15, 1906.'

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Man-- I MTNBBSB Louis CJI/iclzois- PATRNTRD DEG. 10,1907. L. c. NICHOLS.

TRANSFORMER.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 15, 1906.

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0 I .K .C- I u JAR/ENTER Louis all 267ml;-

We- 5 4 ATTURNSY LOUIS O. NIGHOLS, OF NORWOOD, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE BULLOOK ELEGTRIG MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

TRANSFORM It.

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:"Specificstion of lietters Patent.

Patented Dec. 10,:1801

Application filed January 15. Hips. fieiisl NO. 296058.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Lows O. Nioiiois, e

' citizen of the United States, residing at N orwood, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have-invented certain new and use- I ful Improvements in 'lrensformers, of which the following is it full, clear, endexsct specification.

My invention relates to transformers and especially to the cooling means for transiorii'iers having it very large kilowatt capacity. In such devices, means must be provided for carrying away the heat generated therein to prevent a dangerous rise of temperature.

- The object of my invention is to provide an air blast cooling system which will be efi'ective for transformers of any kilowattesp ccity.

.drswings, in which Figure 1 is a. vertical section through atrensitornier having my invention applied thereto elong the line 1-l of Fig. .8; F1

. is it vertical section slong the. line 2-2 of Fig. 3 Fig. 3 is a, section along the line 3----3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a. vertical section similar to Fig. 1, on a reduced scale, of a. transformer eml'iodying a modified form oi my invention; and Figs. 5 and 6 are side and end view respectively with parts insection, showing ii.

, further in odiiicetion of my invention.

Referring first to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing, I have shown at 10 a cast metal transformer stand on which are mounted trensformer. cores 11. Each core consists oi laminae which. in Figs. 1,2 and 3 are erranged. in groups, the latter being SPltCrBtl at art forinin horizontal assii ewii *s 12: 7 C

7 cent sides or legs rest upon a brass plate 14,

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thieends of which are supported on opposite 1 sides of the cores.

inlet opening in,

sides of the transformer stand as in the oils loinsry manner.

llIl'OlIIlfllllg the inner adjacent portions of the two cores .are the primary and second sry coils 15, which are ei riinged. in. sections spaced apart, forming vertical sir passageways 16. The coils rest upon one orinore, wooden blocks 17, and are surrounded by ttn insulating casing or sheath 18. This sheath extends it short distance above end. below the cores and is open at its upper end lower ends. The cores and. coils are so proportioned that the open spaces in the cores are larger than the legs of the coils, and the coils are so arranged that the vertical portions are located centrally of the openings in the cores and are therefore spaced on all sides from the The spaces are preferably left open and form vertical sir passageways 19 betweei the coils and the outer portions of the cores, and vertical passageways '20 between the coils and the inner or adja-- cent portions of the cores. The coils may be held in lsce in any desired manner by blocks of wood or other insulating material.

The transformer is surrounded by a casing 21 made referebly of sheet mete]. This casing is slightly larger then the transformer and is spsced therefrom on all sides, forming a continuous essiigewiiy 22. As shown in Fig. 3, the em plate 23 is provided with lugs 24 which engage the sides of the casing. The ciisiiigis provided at its upper end with :1. (38.1) 25 having ii plurality oi sir outlet openings, the size of which can he i'oguhitcd by the inoviililo gate 26.

Th s transformer StiLiHl or hose 10 is pro-- vided with an open space 27, and is seated over a. large air inlet opening in the sup porting floor-or foundation. While I have shown the transformer seated over the air.

A it is evident that tho 0poning 27 in the stand could have communication with a source of air supply in any other convenient. manner. Tho opening in the stand, through which the lower portions ol the coils extend, is ol sutlicient size to proride air openings 29 which communicate with. the vertical air passageways 1%). As is ie two cores are spaced'a-psrl lczivingiiverti- 1 celairspecelil. The outersidesorleg's o'lt-he clearly shown in the drawing, the upper parts of the vortici'il passageways 19 are provided with insulating blocks 30 having narrow openings 31. Thus the upper parts of the pessiigeweys 19 are more restricted then the upper parts of tliepessagewey 22. [is shown the supporting plate? 14, whereby air may pass from the opening 27 in the stand, into 5 the vertical passageways 2U.

The paths of the air currents through the transformer, indica ed by the arrows in the dii'l'erent figures, \lill now be pointed out. Air may be brought under any desired pressure from a. suitable fan or blower through the o ening 28 into the opening 27 of the trans ormer stand. From .the opening 2.

the air may pass tl'irough the trnnsilormer by a variety of paths. The air may tlow freely upward through the passageways l6 1 between the sections of the coils and a sum- 'cient amount of air will pass through these passageways to proventnn undesirable rise of tern ernture. The air currents also puss through the openings 29 into the verticnl passageway 19 between the legs of the coils and the outer portions of the cores. The air rises in these passageways and a large portion passes through the horizontal passageways 12 of the outer portions of the cores into the vertical passageway .22 between the ersnee In Fig. 4 I h eve shown one modification of my invention. The transformer stand 10 is not only provided with openings 29 leading to the passageways 19, but is also provided 3 with openings 53 leading directly to the pescores and the casing, through which the air 5 passes to the upper part. of the cnsing shove the transformer. A portion of the on may also pass directly upward along the vertical passageway 19 and thro-igh the restricted i Openings 3], to the upper portion ol' the easing and through the outlet openings.

The relative amounts of air \Yllltll pass through the horizontal palssngew ys 12 and the restricted openings 31 can he changed by' changing the sizp oi the openings ill in the block 30.

supports it sheet metal casing.

sogewny 22 between the casing and the outer: portions of the cores. in this construction the openings leading from the upper part of the possn-gewnys 19 to the upper part of the casing are not 1' istricted. Therefore the air will pass upward equally through. the pars sztgewzrys l9 and 22 on both sides of the outer portions of the cores. .ts ll'lL air )I6SSU1 in hoth passageways is tho-sonic there will he no tei'idency tor the air to pass through the horizontal passageways l2.

in Figs. 5 and 6 l have. shown. a comincrcinl forn'i of a. transformer, ii'ivolving a, furtherslight modification in the cush'ig and arrangementof the air passageways. in this the cores of the transformer are not prov cd with the horizontal passageways shown in the other figures, but are cooled entirely by the circulation of air through the vertical passageways. A slightly niodilied formv of stand is shown at it). As in the previously described constructions, the stand Resting on the cnsing is a cast metal cup 35, which has a horizontal ledge 36, which rests on the top of the lamina. The stand is provided with openings 37 and 38 which comnn'niicete with the vertieul passageways between the coils znid the outer portions of the cores, and. be.- tween the outer portions of the cores and the I cat-sing, which vertical passageways con'nnu- As is shownin Figs. 1 and 2, air 3 also passes into the space 32 between the Q lower portions of the coils and the supporting I block or plate 14, and enters the vertical passngeways 20 between the legs ol the coils and the adjacent portions of the cores. From these passageways ill the it may puss through the horizontal pnssngew'n /s 1; in the inner portions of the cores into the vert-icnl airspace i3 and upward. and then lutorally to the passageway .22 lltl\\'((ll the cors and the casing. l

It is seen that: the air eurrtluts have access to all parts of the t-rnnslormor and therefore there will he no tendency for any port to hecome m'erhented. The amount ol' nil blown through the transformer may be regulated ni etc witht he space above the cores through suitable openings. As in the other constructions on. open space 39 is provided between the phrte all), which supports the inner legs of the two cores, and the insulating sheath.

The plate 40 is, in this case, provided with at number of openings 41 between the inner ndjnecn t portions of the core, or two separate plates may be employed, which plates are. spaced :rpurt so that air can rise directly into the vertical space between the two cores. The air thereforev passes from the (owning 39 f to the vertical passageways 20 between the coils and the inner portions of the cores, and

by adjusting the size ol the outlet openings in the upper purl ol' the. ensmg 25 by menus the horizontal pn snge\\'n-}'s 112, to the rerl tiCnl passageway 22 between the casing and a the outer port-ions ol the cores.

respectively.

nlso to the space IlI-E between the two cores. The air is preferably guided upwardliy verti- ('nl strips of wood 42. The air after rising to the upper part of the cores passes laterally from the vertical passageways 13 and 20 to the space in the casing cup. Theczip is provided with an eh" outlet opening 48, which nnry be closed by a hinged. lid or door 44;. 'lliis door has :1. handle 45 adapted to engage :1- pin 46 which may be inserted in any one of t seriesof holes 47'. By inserting the pin in diil'erent holes, the opening may he more or less closcdhy the lid. The high and low tension terminal leads are shown at 4:8 and 41 These leads are connected to IOU . supporting strips 51 a It is seen that the pastherein.

sageways and therefore the paths of the air 1 currents may be varied to a considerable extent. i

' I aim in my claims to cover all modifica- I tions which do not involve a departure from the spirit and scope of my inventioh.

Nhat I claim as new and desire to secure i by Letters Patent is V 1. In a transformer, a laminated core, coils thereon, and a casing surrounding the core and coils, the parts being so provided with i assageways that air can be forced from the ottom. to the to of the casing between the coils, between t e core and coils, and between the casing and the parts incased,

In a transformer, a laminated core, coils separated by passageways, and a casing surrounding the core and coils, the parts being i so constructed and arranged that there are l vertical air assageways between the core and coils and between the core and easing, i all said passageways communicating with an 1 air inlet opening at the bottom of the casing, l and an-air outlet opening at the top of the casing.

3. In a transformer, a laminated core provided with a plurality of air passageways, primary and secondary coils, and a' casing surrounding said core and coils, the whole i being so constructed that air can be forced in i a general u ward direction, between the core 1 and coils, etwecn the core and casing, and through said air passageways whereby all parts will be well cooled.

4. In an air blast transformer, a transon, said core having a lurality of passage ways between the core amine, primary and secondary coils,'said coils being divided into sections and separated by air passageways, and a casing surrounding the core andcoils, the parts being so constructed that air can be forced in a general upward direction through the passageways between the coils, between thee-ore and. coils, between the core and casv ing and through said passageways between effectively cooled.

the core laminae, whereby all parts can be 5. Ina transformer, abase or stand, a laminated core thereon, said-core being pro vided with ventilating passageways between the laminae, primary and secondary coils rovided with ventilating passageways, an

' insulating casing or sheath surrounding the coils and open only at the top and bottom, and a'casing surrounding the core and coils,

said stand being seated over .or otherwise provided with an air inlet opening and said casing being provided at the up er end with an air outlet opening, the whole being so constructed that air can be forced in a general vupward direction through the coils, between the core and coils, between the core and ca ing and through the passageways in the core 5 laminae.

6. In an air blast transformer, a laminated core, primary and seconoary coils surrounding'portions of said core, a stand on which the core and coils are mounted, and a casing surrounding the core, said stand being seated over an air inlet opening, and said casing havin an air outlet opening at the top, the parts bein so constructed that there are pas- I sageways eading from the air inlet opening to the air outlet opening, throu h the coils,

; between the core and coils, and )etween the core and easing 7. In an air blast transformer, two laminated cores separated by a vertical air space, primary and secondary coils surrounding the adjacent portions of said cores and having ventilating air passageways, and a casing surrounding the transformer, said casing I Q having air inlet and air outlet openings, the

former base, a laminated core mounted .thereparts being so constructed and arran ed that 5 air can be forced upward between the coils,

through the space separating the cores, be-

} tween the core and coils and between the coreand the casing.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature,

in the presence of two witnesses.

v LOUIS C. NICHGLS. \Yitnesses ARTHUR l Kwrs,

Fnnn J. KINsEY. 

